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FDD Item 18: Is a Celebrity Involved?

Item 18 discloses whether a public figure is behind the brand. Often it says 'none.' When it does not, here's what to look for.
Andy LeRoy 25 May 2026

FDD Item 17: How This Ends (and What It Costs)

Item 17 is the exit section: renewal, termination, selling, and what it costs to leave early. It may be the most important fine print in the FDD. Here's how to read it.
Andy LeRoy 25 May 2026

FDD Item 16: What You're Allowed to Sell

Item 16 sets the limits on what you can sell and whether you can adapt to local demand. Here's how to read it.
Andy LeRoy 25 May 2026

FDD Item 15: Do You Have to Run It Yourself?

Item 15 tells you whether this is a job you show up for or an investment you oversee. The answer changes everything. Here's how to read it.
Andy LeRoy 25 May 2026

FDD Item 14: The Secret Sauce, If There Is One

Item 14 covers the patents, copyrights, and trade secrets behind the system, if there are any. It is a quiet test of what your royalty buys.
Andy LeRoy 25 May 2026

FDD Item 13: The Brand Name You're Licensing

Item 13 covers the brand name and logo you are paying to use, and whether the franchisor's rights to them are solid. Here's how to read it.
Andy LeRoy 25 May 2026

FDD Item 12: How Protected Is Your Territory?

Item 12 defines your territory, and whether the brand can open up shop near you. Protection is often narrower than it sounds. Here's how to read it.
Andy LeRoy 25 May 2026

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